Abstract:
Mark Goldes’ “Aesop Institute” is simply an elaborate fraud.
1. Overview.
The professional charlatan Mark Goldes, starting in the mid-seventies,
engaged for several years in the pretense that his company SunWind Ltd was
developing a nearly production-ready, freeway-capable, wind-powered
“windmobile,” based on the windmobile invented by James Amick; and that
therefore SunWind would be a wonderful investment opportunity.
After SunWind “dried up” in 1983, Goldes embarked on the long-running pretense
that his company Room Temperature Superconductors Inc was developing
room-temperature superconductors; and that therefore Room Temperature
Superconductors Inc would be a wonderful investment opportunity. He continues
the pretense that the company developed something useful, even to this day.
And then Goldes embarked on the pretense that his company Magnetic Power Inc
was developing “NO FUEL ENGINES” based on “Virtual Photon Flux;” and then, on
the pretense that MPI was developing horn-powered “NO FUEL ENGINES” based on
the resonance of magnetized tuning-rods; and then, on the pretense that his
company Chava LLC (aka “Chava Energy”) was developing water-fueled engines
based on “collapsing hydrogen orbits” (which are ruled out by quantum physics);
and then, on the pretense that he was developing strictly-ambient-heat-powered
“NO FUEL ENGINES” (which are ruled out by the Second Law of Thermodynamics).
But of course, the laws of physics always make an exception for the
make-believe pretenses of Mark Goldes.
Goldes’ forty-year career of “revolutionary breakthrough” pretense has
nothing to do with science, but only with pseudoscience, pseudophysics, and
relentless flimflam, in pursuit of loans and donations from gullible people who
never mastered physics very well.
Mark Goldes’ “Aesop Institute” has engaged for many years in the very
dishonest and unscrupulous practice of soliciting loans and donations under an
endless series of false pretenses, that it is developing and even “prototyping”
various “revolutionary breakthroughs,” such as “NO FUEL ENGINES” that run on
ambient heat alone – or run on “Virtual Photon Flux” – or on “Collapsing
Hydrogen Orbits” – or even on the acoustic energy of sound from a horn.
Aesop Institute’s make-believe strictly ambient heat engine is ruled out by
the Second Law of Thermodynamics. This has been understood by physicists for at
least 180 years. There is no “new science” that has ever determined such an
engine to be possible.
Aesop Institute’s make-believe “Virtual Photon Flux” engine is based on the
idea that accessible electric power “is everywhere present in unlimited
quantities” – which we know to be false.
Aesop Institute’s make-believe “Collapsing Hydrogen Orbits” engine is based
on Randell Mills’ theory of “hydrino” hydrogen, which every scientist knows to
be false.
Aesop Institute’s make-believe horn-powered engine is based on the pretense
that a magnetized tuning rod could somehow “multiply energy” – a ludicrous
notion, which is obviously ruled out by the law of conservation of energy.
Aesop Institute’s very latest make-believe engine is a perpetual motion
machine in the form of a self-powered air compressor, which proposes to use a
turbine to compress air to spin the turbine to compress air to spin the
turbine.
Aesop Institute has never offered the slightest shadow of evidence that it
is actually developing or “prototyping” any of these make-believe
physics-defying “revolutionary breakthroughs.” All it has ever offered are mere
declarations that it is doing so – unsupported by any proof whatever, of any
kind whatever.
There are no “revolutionary breakthroughs” to be found on Goldes’ fraudulent
“Aesop Institute” website. There is only pseudoscience, relentless flimflam,
and empty claims of engines that are ruled out by the laws of physics.
2. Goldes’ “POWERGENIE” Horn-Powered Tuning-Rod Engine Flimflam
In appreciation of its entertainment value, let’s look at another example of
Mark Goldes’ wonderful offerings in “revolutionary new technology:”
The amazing “POWERGENIE!”
One of the most laughable of Mark Goldes’ many pseudotypes is his
“POWERGENIE” horn-powered generator. The brilliant idea of this revolutionary
breakthrough is to blow a horn at a magnetized tuning rod, designed to resonate
at the frequency of the horn, and then collect the electromotive energy
produced by the vibrations of the rod.
We’re not making this up.
POWERGENIE tuning rod engine explained – from the patent:
[The device incorporates] “an energy transfer and multiplier element being
constructed of a ferromagnetic substance… having a natural resonance, due to a
physical structure whose dimensions are directly proportional to the wavelength
of the resonance frequency…
“In this resonant condition, the rod material functions as a tuned
waveguide, or longitudinal resonator, for acoustic energy…
“Ferrite rod 800 is driven to acoustic resonance at the second harmonic of
its fundamental resonant frequency by acoustic horn 811…”
- But the patent doesn’t tell us who will volunteer to blow the horn at the
rod all day. Perhaps it will come with an elephant.
Mark Goldes claimed in 2008 that this wonderful triumph of human genius
would bring his company, Magnetic Power Inc, one billion dollars in annual
revenue by 2012. Magnetic Power is now defunct, having never produced any
“Magnetic Power Modules” – just as Goldes’ company called “Room Temperature
Superconductors Inc” is also now defunct, having never produced any “room
temperature superconductors.”
3. Goldes’ Strictly Ambient Heat Engine Flimflam
In Mark Goldes’ patent application for his ludicrous “POWERGENIE”
horn-powered tuning-rod engine, he described the tuning-rod as “an energy
transfer and multiplier element.”
But of course, for the tuning-rod to “multiply” energy, it would need to
disprove the law of conservation of energy.
Goldes’ use of the term “energy multiplier element” reflected his pretense
that the “revolutionary breakthrough” of the amazing “POWERGENIE” could
disprove the law of conservation of energy, by presenting the world with a
working “energy multiplier.”
Goldes even claimed in 2008 that the POWERGENIE had been demonstrated
already in an electric car, driven 4800 miles by his energy-multiplying
horn-powered tuning-rod.
But it seems that most people, for some reason, had difficulty accepting the
notion that the law of conservation of energy could be proven false.
And Goldes no doubt noticed that the Second Law of Thermodynamics – that
“the entropy of an isolated system tends to increase with time and can never decrease”
– is much less clear to most people than the conservation of energy.
So now, after leaving aside the pretense that he could somehow “multiply
energy” with a magnetized tuning-rod, Goldes has chosen to focus, instead, on
the pretense that he can disprove the Second Law with an engine powered only by
ambient heat.
There is no “new science” in any of Goldes’ “revolutionary breakthroughs.”
There is only pseudoscience and pretense – and nothing new, at all.
Mark Goldes’ proofless claims regarding his make-believe strictly ambient
heat engine do not represent any new technology, or even a new pretense – they
merely represent a rather old pretense.
“Before the establishment of the Second Law, many people who were interested
in inventing a perpetual motion machine had tried to circumvent the
restrictions of First Law of Thermodynamics by extracting the massive internal
energy of the environment as the power of the machine. Such a machine is called
a “perpetual motion machine of the second kind”. The second law declared the
impossibility of such machines.”
“A perpetual motion machine of the second kind is a machine which
spontaneously converts thermal energy into mechanical work. When the thermal
energy is equivalent to the work done, this does not violate the law of
conservation of energy. However it does violate the more subtle second law of
thermodynamics (see also entropy). The signature of a perpetual motion machine
of the second kind is that there is only one heat reservoir involved… This
conversion of heat into useful work, without any side effect, is impossible,
according to the second law of thermodynamics.”
Goldes’ make-believe strictly ambient heat engine would be a perpetual
motion machine of the second kind, as defined above. Goldes is not developing
any such engine; he is merely developing a pretense – as usual.
The Kelvin-Planck formulation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics may be
stated as follows:
“No cyclic process driven simply by heat can accomplish the absorption of
the heat from a reservoir and the conversion of such heat into work – without
any other result (such as a transfer of heat to a cooler reservoir).”
Now, as you will see, the Clausius formulation of the Second Law may be
stated with fewer words:
“No process is possible whose sole result is the transfer of heat from a
cooler to a hotter body.”
In fact, we can show that the Kelvin-Planck formulation may be deduced from
that of Clausius. In the words of Enrico Fermi:
“Suppose that Kelvin’s postulate were not valid. Then we could perform a
transformation whose only final result would be to transform completely into
work a definite amount of heat taken from a single source at the temperature
t1. By means of friction we could then transform this work into heat again and
with this heat raise the temperature of a given body, regardless of what its
initial temperature, t2, may have been. In particular, we could take t2 to be
higher than t1. Thus, the only final result of this process would be the transfer
of heat from one body (the source at temperature t1) to another body at a
higher temperature, t2. This would be a violation of the Clausius postulate.”
Can anyone make a teapot that boils water by absorbing heat from blocks of
ice?
Max Planck, in his “Treatise On Thermodynamics,” explains how the Second Law
of Thermodynamics “may be deduced from a single simple law of experience about
which there is no doubt.” Here is the “single simple law of experience” he
proposes:
“It is impossible to construct an engine which will work in a complete
cycle, and produce no effect except the raising of a weight and the cooling of
a heat-reservoir.”
This “law of experience” is very similar to a principle suggested by William
Thomson (Lord Kelvin):
“It is impossible, by means of inanimate material agency, to derive
mechanical effect from any portion of matter by cooling it below the
temperature of the coldest of the surrounding objects.”
The “simple law of experience” offered by Planck is therefore commonly known
as the “Kelvin-Planck statement” of the Second Law of Thermodynamics. But we
see from Planck’s “Treatise” that Planck himself did not quite regard it as a
statement of the Second Law, but rather as a “starting point” or postulate from
which the Second Law may be deduced.
Here is Planck’s rendition of the Second Law itself:
“The second law of thermodynamics states that there exists in nature for
each system of bodies a quantity, which by all changes of the system either
remains constant (in reversible processes) or increases in value (in
irreversible processes). This quantity is called, following Clausius, the
entropy of the system.”
The Second Law of Thermodynamics rules out strictly ambient heat engines.
Expecting an ambient heat engine to do any work, with only one heat
reservoir, is exactly equivalent to expecting a teapot to boil water by
absorbing heat from a block of ice.
Both processes are ruled out by the very same law – the Second Law of
Thermodynamics.
“It is impossible for any device operating on a cycle to produce net work
from a single temperature reservoir; the production of net work requires flow
of heat from a higher temperature reservoir to a colder reservoir.”
In a strictly ambient heat engine there are not two heat reservoirs at
different temperatures; no reservoir would be available at any temperature
other than the ambient temperature. Therefore the engine would have to DECREASE
the total entropy – and therefore we know for certain that the engine will
disappoint us. It will never be able to do any work.
Flow of heat from a block of ice to lukewarm water would also result in a
DECREASE of the total entropy.
Once again: Expecting an ambient heat engine to do any work, with only one
heat reservoir, is exactly equivalent to expecting a teapot to boil water by
absorbing heat from a block of ice. Anyone who claims to be developing a
“prototype” of such an engine is only developing a pretense, and nothing more.
4. Mark Goldes’ “FUEL-FREE TURBINE” Flimflam
Mark Goldes’ latest adventure in flimflam is to declare that a “FUEL-FREE
TURBINE invented by a Russian scientist runs on atmospheric pressure.”
But when we read the patent application, we find that actually the turbine
does NOT run on atmospheric pressure – it requires compressed air. This is
clearly indicated even in the article by Kondrashov posted by Goldes on his
flimflam website. Kondrashov says:
“To create a sample of such an engine, you can use ready-made devices, such
as a load-bearing element – a low-power turbine module turboshaft turbine engine,
and to compress the air… any type of compressor…”
Kondrashov filed his patent application in 2003. No patent was awarded.
Mark Goldes assures us in his note prefacing Kondrashov’s article that “We
understand the science behind this jet engine.” But since he incorrectly
describes it as an engine powered by “atmospheric pressure” – which it
certainly is not – in fact he shows that he doesn’t even understand that the
engine requires a supply of compressed air in order to spin at all.
Although Kondrashov does pretend in some of his statements that the turbine
will be powered by “atmospheric pressure,” in fact it is evident from his
application that the proposed turbine is made to spin only by the use of
compressed air.
In his patent application, Kondrashov states:
“To set the above engine in operation, it is necessary to create pressure of
working medium (e.g. air) in pneumatic accumulator 18. The compressed air is
fed through check valve 19 and/or 20.”
Thus, Kondrashov indicates that an external compressor must be used to fill
the turbine’s compressed air tank before the turbine can be started. But he
tries to pretend that once the turbine starts to spin, there will be no further
reliance on the external compressor – the spinning turbine itself will compress
the air that is making the turbine spin. So despite his own false description
of the turbine as making use of “low-grade atmospheric energy,” what Kondrashov
actually presents in his patent application is a perpetual motion machine in
the form of a self-powered air compressor. This is probably the reason why no
patent was awarded. It is exactly analogous to trying to use a generator to
power a motor to spin the generator to power the motor to spin the generator.
It doesn’t work.
For more information on the “FUEL-FREE TURBINE,” please see section 8.5.
5. Goldes’ “Collapsing Hydrogen Orbits” Hydrino Engine Flimflam
Mark Goldes’ make-believe “water-fueled engine” supposedly involving
“Collapsing Hydrogen Orbits” is nothing more than copy-cat flimflam
based on Randell Mills’ bogus theory of “Classical Quantum Mechanics”
(CQM) and “hydrino” hydrogen.
2009: Goldes seeks investors with fraudulent claims
that his latest company, Chava Energy, “has been developing enhanced
theoretical and practical paths that lead towards commercialization of
energy conversion systems that utilize hydrinos.”
Goldes has never stopped claiming to be “developing a Self Powered Internal Combustion Engine – SPICE(tm) powered by hydrinos.”
Here is what the physicist Andreas Rathke has to say about Mills’
theory of “Classical Quantum Mechanics,” on which both Mills’ “hydrinos”
and Goldes’ “fractional hydrogen” are supposedly based:
“In this paper, we have considered the theoretical
foundations of the hydrino hypothesis, both within the theoretical
framework of CQM, in which hydrinos were originally suggested, and
within standard quantum mechanics. We found that CQM is inconsistent and
has several serious deficiencies. Amongst these are the failure to
reproduce the energy levels of the excited states of the hydrogen atom,
and the absence of Lorentz invariance. Most importantly, we found that
CQM does not predict the existence of hydrino states! Also, standard
quantum mechanics cannot encompass hydrino states, with the properties
currently attributed to them. Hence there remains no theoretical support
of the hydrino hypothesis.”
http://iopscience.iop.org/1367-2630/7/1/127/fulltext/
6. Goldes’ “Virtual Photon Flux” Engine Flimflam
The make-believe “Virtual Photon Flux” engine is merely another exercise in
flimflam, which Goldes has evidently deemed to be played out, since he hardly
mentions it any more. For more information, please see section 8.1 under “Notes” below.
7. Conclusion.
Mark Goldes’ forty-year career of “revolutionary breakthrough” pretense has
nothing to do with science, but only with pseudoscience, pseudophysics, and
relentless flimflam, in pursuit of investments, loans and donations from
gullible people who never mastered physics very well.
8.Notes
8.1
2005: Mark Goldes Claims His Flimflam-Powered “Virtual
Photon Flux” Magnetic Power Modules Will Earn MPI (His Now-Defunct
Company) 335 Million Dollars By 2010
For over twenty years, beginning in 1987, Mark Goldes’ company
“Magnetic Power Inc” (MPI) declared year after year that prototypes of
its current pretended “revolutionary breakthroughs” would be presented
for validation “next year.” Not a single one of these countless claims
were ever fulfilled before the worthless company was finally disbanded.
Here is an excerpt from a typical example of a fraudulent “Executive
Summary” from MPI, falsely pretending to have already created a working
generator powered by “Virtual Photon Flux:”
Executive Summary [November 14, 2005]
“MPI’s mission is to supply the world with clean, abundant, and inexpensive electricity.
“The company is developing technology it calls Magnetic Power
Modules(TM). Based upon breakthrough discoveries in MPI’s labs, Magnetic
Power Modules are being designed that operate continuously, without
fuel, extracting electricity by converting abundant, renewable, Virtual
Photon Flux (VPF), an energy source that exists everywhere in the
universe. The process will create no pollution. The cost of electricity
is estimated to be less than 1 cent/Kwh, significantly less than any
competing form of power generation today or in the foreseeable future.
“Magnetic Power Modules will be scaled to a wide range of
applications. They appear suitable for the relatively small power needs
of consumer devices up through the massive needs of power generation
plants.
“Revenues from licenses of Magnetic Power Modules are conservatively projected to exceed $200 million annually by 2009:
“2006: $10 million; 2007: $25 million; 2008: $75 million; 2009: $225 million”
“Following the VPF research in private laboratories around the world,
and based on recent breakthroughs in MPI laboratories, prototypes are
currently being built that the Company expects will soon receive
external validation. The first in a substantial series of patent
applications was filed in January, 2005. A plug-in hybrid car may be
modified, to become a prototype powered by VPF for local driving, during
2006.
“The commercial potential of Magnetic Power Modules is huge, with
applications throughout the roughly $1.8 trillion worldwide market for
energy. The Company forecasts rapidly growing revenues and profits, with
revenues beginning in 2006…
“Revenues from licenses of Magnetic Power Modules are conservatively projected to exceed $200 million annually by 2009:
“2006: $10 million; 2007: $25 million; 2008: $75 million; 2009: $225 million“
- Mark Goldes’ MPI, November 14, 2005
http://www.zpenergy.com/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=1610
8.2
2007: Mark Goldes Claims He Will Demonstrate His Imaginary
One-Kilowatt Horn-Powered Tuning-Rod “GENIE” Engine (aka “POWERGENIE”)
Within One Year; Hundred-Kilowatt “GENIE” Might Take Two Years
“A revolutionary breakthrough by Magnetic Power Inc., called GENIE™
(Generating Electricity by Nondestructive Interference of Energy) will
make possible the elimination of the need for batteries of every
variety. GENIE generators are expected to replace the need to plug-in a
plug-in hybrid. 2 kW is all the power that can be taken from a typical
wall socket. A pair of 1 kW GENIE generators are expected to demonstrate
a compact, inexpensive, capability to end the need to plug-in, prior to
the end of 2008.
“If the development of GENIE generators is put on a 24/7 footing, it
may be possible to provide 100 kW systems that will fit in the space of a
typical gas tank, on a prototype basis in perhaps two years.”
http://outraged.chattablogs.com/archives/064832.html
- Goldes never mentions that the “GENIE” was actually to be powered by a horn.
8.3
2008: Mark Goldes Claims MPI’s “Patent Pending” Ambient Heat
Engine Has Already Powered A Car For 4800 Miles; Claims MPI Will Earn
One Billion Dollars Annually By 2012
In his “Executive Summary” for MPI of June 2, 2008, Goldes states:
“The company is now involved with a revolutionary, patent
pending, technology, which converts ambient heat into electricity. This
non-magnetic breakthrough has the potential to go to production in the
near future. The system has proven capability to recharge batteries
from heat extracted from the air; an alternative to the need to plug-in…
“Prototypes of the non-magnetic [ambient heat engine] system
have been in operation for more that one year and successfully run an
electric car for more than 4,800 miles with no need to plug-in.”
It is possible for a heat engine to be powered by ambient heat – as
long as it can also utilize a second heat reservoir at a lower
temperature. But Goldes’ countless descriptions of his imaginary ambient
heat engine have always envisioned a single-reservoir heat engine. Such
an engine can do no work – as physicists have understood at least since
1824. This fact is known as the “Kelvin-Planck Postulate.” Notice that
Goldes pretends that there is a “patent pending” for his imaginary
invention. Of course, he has never provided any Patent Application
Publication Number by which we could confirm that there was any “patent
pending” as he claims. Just like the single-reservoir heat engine
itself, Goldes’ patent application for it is evidently purely imaginary.
In the same “Executive Summary” for MPI, Goldes claims that MPI’s
array of imaginary engines will earn the company one billion dollars
annually by 2012:
“Revenues from licenses and Joint Ventures are conservatively projected to exceed $1 billion annually by 2012.
“2008: $25 million; 2009: $100 million; 2010: $300 million; 2011: $600 million, 2012: $1 b[illion].
http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=27&ved=0CF8QFjAGOBQ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.renewableenergyworld.com%2Fassets%2Fdocuments%2Fstory%2F2008%2FExecutive%2520Summary%2520Current%25206-2-08.doc&ei=1CsEUrvtCqHJygHY0oCQAQ&usg=AFQjCNGegBprShggPPevHT-PmI74uf32EA&sig2=1SNV5eOyPOOB4Oe56MzonA&bvm=bv.50500085,d.aWc
8.4
2009: Goldes seeks investors with fraudulent claims that his
latest company, Chava Energy, “has been developing enhanced theoretical
and practical paths that lead towards commercialization of energy
conversion systems that utilize hydrinos.”
Goldes claims to be “developing a Self Powered Internal Combustion Engine – SPICE(tm) powered by hydrinos.” But later he makes up his own name for the non-existent "hydrino," calling it "fractional hydrogen." It would have been far more truthful and appropriate to call it "fictional hydrogen."
8.5
Here is the Patent Application that was filed ten years ago for Boris
Kondrashov’s perpetual air compressor, which Mark Goldes now calls a
“FUEL-FREE TURBINE:”
http://www.google.com/patents/US20070114330
The application was filed in 2003, and was not awarded any patent.
Let’s look at the application. Under “Claims 1″ we are told:
“…kinetic energy of the obtained joined jet mass is used for creating
a moment of rotation on the power shaft, characterized in that the
working medium is presented by external gaseous masses, which before
being fed to the jet device for forming an active jet are compressed in a
compressor to the calculated level of pressure sufficient for creating
rarefaction in the adding device…”
Somewhere else Kondrashov says:
“To set the above engine in operation, it is necessary to create
pressure of working medium (e.g. air) in pneumatic accumulator 18. The
compressed air is fed through check valve 19 and/or 20. On the
calculated pressure level being reached, valve 21 is switched in use,
which provides a calculated duration of flowing of compressed air out of
the jet nozzle with a preset periodicity.”
“…compressed gases instead of combustion products are used as the working medium…”
There are many other statements that make it plain that neither
“atmospheric pressure” nor “atmospheric heat” power the engine –
despite Kondrashov’s claims, which are contradicted by his own
description of the engine. In one section of the patent he mentions
incorporating a heat pump, without ever describing or explaining what
will power the heat pump. In other sections of the patent he seems to
forget about the heat pump entirely. With or without the heat pump, he
is presenting the idea of a compressed-air powered air compressor which
would compress its own air, once it got started. We are never going to
see that happen. – Oh, but yes we are! Mark Goldes will demonstrate it
“next year” – along with all of his other make-believe engines.
